ATC: Jakarta, Indonesia

Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Air Traffic Control Tower

Note: Click on any image in this story to open a larger version in a new window.                 Unless otherwise noted, all images in this story are Copyright © 2008 PT Angkasa Pura II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Not up to date. No information provided here may be used for navigation

On 7 January 2008 the Jakarta (Indonesia) Post carried an article reporting that PT Angkasa Pura II, the State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) that provides airport management and air traffic services in Jakarta and other locations in western Indonesia, had presented awards to employees who had been involved in developing a backup ATC system for Jakarta. We thought that this presented an opportunity to learn more about ATC in this part of the world, so we contacted Wiyono, the Senior Manager of Jakarta ATS. Wiyono graciously provided not only information, but photographs of the operation as well.

Let’s start with the basics:

Indonesia is a nation of more than 234 million people in Southeast Asia; the worlds fourth most populous country. The country occupies an archipelago of 17,508 islands—some 6,000 of which are inhabited—stretching almost 3,500 miles from Ache in the northwest to New Guinea in the southeast. Indonesia’s land area is 1,919,440 square kilometers, or 741,050 sq mi. The capital of Indonesia (and largely the subject of our study) is Jakarta, located on the island of Java. With a 2000 population of 8,389,443, Jakarta is the fifth largest metropolitan area in the world. Indonesia is very roughly within the area bounded by 6.8 degrees North latitude, 11 degrees South latitude, and 95.2 and 140.8 degrees East longitude.

ATC services in Indonesia are provided by PT. Angkasa Pura, a State enterprise of the Indonesian Department of Transport that is responsible for the management of both airports and air traffic services in Indonesia. PT. Agkasa Pura is made up of two parts: PT Angkasa Pura I which provides services in the east, and  PT Angkasa Pura II, providing services in the west of the country. Our study will focus upon PT Angkasa Pura II which is headquartered in Jakarta.

Indonesia implemented RVSM in specific areas in late 2003.

In the Jakarta FIR, the Jakarta Automated Air Traffic Systems (JAATS) has been in place since 1996, The hardware comes from Hughes Aircraft of Canada Limited (now Raytheon Canada), and the software is Hughes’ Guardian. The JAATS system also provides for a Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN) switch and a Aeronautical Data Processing System (ADPS). The ADPS provides a fully automated receipt and distribution system for meteorological (MET), Notice To Airmen (NOTAM) and Briefing Office functions for the Jakarta ACC and the International and Domestic Terminals at the Sokarno-Hatta airport. Of course, there are also redundant systems, including JASS (Jakarta Automated System Support), the locally-built system which brought us to this study in the first place.

Jakarta has more 40 JAATS workstations providing RADAR and/or procedural control for air traffic services at Jakarta ACC. Currently189 controllers—107 in Enroute and 82 in Aerodrome and Approach Control—work in Jakarta. Note that nearly all Approach Controllers have an Aerodrome Rating.

Those controllers are allocated to the following positions:  

Four positions in the Jakarta ATCT Tower Cab (VCR):

• Clearance Delivery (CD);
• Ground Control North (GC1);
• Ground Control South (GC2); and,
• Tower Control (local).

Google Earth® Overview of Soekarno-Hatta Airport

Jakarta TCA

Five sectors in Jakarta Approach Control:

• Terminal East (TE);
• Terminal West (TW);
• Lower North (LN):
• Lower East (LE); and,
• Arrival (ARR)

Six Enroute (ACC) sectors:

• Upper Semarang (US);
• Upper Tanjungkarang (UT);
• Upper Palembang (UP);
• Upper Kalimantan (UK);
• Upper Medan East (UME); and,
• Upper Medan West (UMW)

The bulk of the enroute work in the Jakarta FIR comes from just a handful of routes: those connecting Southeast Asia to Australia (A576, A464, L511, B469, L895, L764, N752, N646, G337, G209), those connecting Middle East to Australia (G462 and transition flexible track L896 and L867), those connecting Southeast Asia to South Africa (B335, B344, A327), and those connecting South East Asia to Middle East (P570, M300, N563) (see image). The Jakarta FIR is bounded by these Flight Information Regions:

• Ujung Pandang FIR;
• Kota Kinabalu FIR;
• Singapore FIR;
• Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) FIR;
• Melbourne FIR;
• Brisbane FIR;
• Colombo FIR; and,
• Chennai FIR.

Close-up of control position from PT Angkasa Pura II 2006 Annual Report

Jakarta FIR

Flight Data Operator, Jakarta ACC	Jakarta ACC Flight Service Station Console
Jakarta ACC Military Position	Jakarta MSSR
Jakarta ACC Data Processing Room	Jakarta ACC Radar and Flight Data Processing Racks

Offices of PT Angkasa Pura II, Jakarta

PT Angkasa Pura II
Bldg. 600
Soekarno Hatta International Airport,
Cengkareng, Jakarta, , Indonesia

Addenda

An excellent overview of Indonesia's professional approach to ATC can be found in Indonesia's ATM contingency plan for the Jakarta FIR.

• Finalization of Model Contingency Plan; and,
• Draft Contingency Plan.

Soekarno-Hatta Airport Information from The Airport Guide (Not up to date. Not for navigation)

Soekarno-Hatta ATC Frequencies

Navaids

General Indonesia Flight Planning Information (Not up to date. Not for navigation)

ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES - Standard.

VERTICAL SEPARATION - Semicircular.

POSITION REPORTING - Standard.

VISUAL FLIGHT RULES
Standard except:

1. No person may operate an aircraft under Visual Flight Rules
between 6000’ and FL 200 outside controlled airspace, or
between 6000’ and FL 150 in controlled airspace unless flight
visibility is at least 5 statute miles.

2. All aircraft within BALI FIR shall be equipped with a
transponder.

3. All flights conducted in circumstances requiring flight over
sea at a distance of more than 10 NM from land and for more
than one hour shall comply with Instrument Flight Rules.

INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES
Standard.

RVSM RULES -

RVSM compliant aircraft will be cleared to operate
between FL 310 and FL 410 (inclusive) on the following ATS routes:

• Within Jakarta FIR - G464, A464, A576, L511, L895,
  L764, N646, N752, G462, A585, B592, G579, B470, W11, W12,
  W12E, W16, W19, and W38.
• Within BALI and Ujung Pandang FIRs - L511, R592,
  G578, A576, B349, A587, G326, G464, A464, G462, B584, R223,
  B583, A339, A461, R590, R340, A215, B472, B473, G459, B462,
  W54.

Both RVSM compliant and non-compliant aircraft will be
cleared to operate in RVSM airspace. Refer to Chapter 1, para 8.b.,
the following additional exceptions are made (subject to ATC
clearance) to allow flight in RVSM airspace:

• Aircraft transporting a spare engine mounted under
  the wing.
• Indonesia state aircraft (military, customs, and
  police).

Non-RVSM aircraft crossing the above routes would be
assigned flight levels outside RVSM airspace.

Non-compliant aircraft may be cleared to climb or
descend thru RVSM airspace provided they:

• Do not climb or descend at less than normal rate for
  the aircraft, and
• Do not level off at an intermediate altitude while
  passing through RVSM airspace.

Transition from RVSM to non-RVSM airspace will be
accomplished by ATC clearance.

RNP REQUIREMENTS -
1. RNP 10 APPROVED ROUTES: The segments of the following
routes which fall within the Jakarta and Bali FIR are approved for
RNP 10 operations:

• L511 - PKP to TARUN
• L644 - KIKOR to DKI
• L895 - PKP to SAPDA
• L764 - PKP to LAMOB
• M772 - OSUKA to ANIPU
• N752 - ATMAL to PLB
• N646 - ATMAL to PKU

2. Aircraft transiting JAKARTA FIR wishing to connect to the
following RNP 10 approved RNAV routes shall do so by filing
ICAO flight plan via L644, M772, B470, or G579, as appropriate:

• L642 - CHEUNG CHAU to MERSING
• M771 - MERSING to CHEUNG CHAUN
• 892 - HENGCHUN to MERSING
• L625 - LUSMO to MEVIN
• N884 - MERSING to MANILA
• M767 - JOMALIG to TOMAN
  

3. AIRWAYS B470 and G579

• Altitude assignments below FL 185 shall be even Flight
  Levels + 500’.
• Above FL 185, starting at FL 220 to FL 280, even Flight
  Levels will be assigned.
• Above FL 290, starting at FL 310, odd Flight Levels (non
  standard) will be assigned.
  

4. AIRWAY B469 Between HLM VOR and CAR VOR plan
southbound only.

5. AIRWAY G337 Between XMX VOR and QUINS plan
northbound only unless prior permission granted.

GENERAL AIR TRAFFIC - 10 minute longitudinal
separation utilizing standard Mach Number Technique for RNAV
equipped aircraft is being utilized on most airways.

Other References:

Indonesia Directorate General of Air Communications
Jalan Angkasa 1 No. 2
P.O. Box 389/JKT
Jakarta, 10610
Indonesia

Indonesia Meteorological and Geophysical Agency
Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim No. 2
P.O. Box 3540/JKT
Jakarta Pusat
Indonesia

The Museum of Air Traffic Control would like to personally thank Wiyono and the staff at Jakarta for all of the assistance provided in creating this page.